• Left Shift and Right Shift Operators in C/C. The result of is undefined behaviour if any of the operands is a negative number. For example results of both -1.
• Dec 03, 2012  This video shows two ways of using C# on a Mac - either 'natively' using MonoDevelop or in a virtual machine using Visual Studio. This video is part of my in-depth C# course, available at: http.
• May 23, 2012  Mono is an open-source implementation of.NET that runs on Macs. You can use MonoDevelop to write C# code (or any text editor.MonoDevelop technically works, but it's pretty clunky since it's a cross-platform non-native thing).
• = Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C += Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. C += A is equivalent to C = C + A.
• Find the latest Citigroup, Inc. (C) stock quote, history, news and other vital information to help you with your stock trading and investing.
• C (/ s iː /, as in the letter c) is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, while a static type system prevents unintended operations. By design, C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions and has found lasting use in applications previously coded in assembly language.

1. C'est La Vie
2. C# Library For Machine Learning
3. C# Macro For Line Number
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6. C++ For Mac Os X
7. C# Development For Mac

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Arrays allow to define type of variables that can hold several data items of the same kind. Similarly structure is another user defined data type available in C that allows to combine data items of different kinds.

Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track of your books in a library. You might want to track the following attributes about each book −

• Title
• Author
• Subject
• Book ID

Defining a Structure

To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than one member. The format of the struct statement is as follows −

The structure tag is optional and each member definition is a normal variable definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition. At the end of the structure's definition, before the final semicolon, you can specify one or more structure variables but it is optional. Here is the way you would declare the Book structure −

Accessing Structure Members

To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.). The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the structure member that we wish to access. You would use the keyword struct to define variables of structure type. The following example shows how to use a structure in a program −

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Structures as Function Arguments

You can pass a structure as a function argument in the same way as you pass any other variable or pointer.

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When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Pointers to Structures

You can define pointers to structures in the same way as you define pointer to any other variable −

Now, you can store the address of a structure variable in the above defined pointer variable. To find the address of a structure variable, place the '&'; operator before the structure's name as follows −

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To access the members of a structure using a pointer to that structure, you must use the → operator as follows −

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Let us re-write the above example using structure pointer.

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When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

Bit Fields

Bit Fields allow the packing of data in a structure. This is especially useful when memory or data storage is at a premium. Typical examples include −

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• Packing several objects into a machine word. e.g. 1 bit flags can be compacted.

• Reading external file formats -- non-standard file formats could be read in, e.g., 9-bit integers.

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C allows us to do this in a structure definition by putting :bit length after the variable. For example −

Here, the packed_struct contains 6 members: Four 1 bit flags f1.f3, a 4-bit type and a 9-bit my_int.

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C automatically packs the above bit fields as compactly as possible, provided that the maximum length of the field is less than or equal to the integer word length of the computer. If this is not the case, then some compilers may allow memory overlap for the fields while others would store the next field in the next word.